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The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is the federal agency responsible for regulating personal care homes in the United States. CMS plays a crucial role in establishing quality standards and oversight for facilities that receive Medicare and Medicaid funding, which includes many personal care homes. This agency ensures that these facilities comply with regulations that promote the health, safety, and welfare of residents.

CMS is also involved in policy development, providing guidance, conducting inspections, and enforcing standards within the personal care sector. Their regulations cover various aspects, such as resident rights, quality of care, and facility operations, which directly impact the day-to-day functioning of personal care homes. By focusing on compliance and quality improvement, CMS aims to ensure that residents receive appropriate services and a safe living environment.

The other agencies mentioned have different areas of focus. The FDA regulates food, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices; the NIH is primarily involved in conducting medical research; and the AHRQ focuses on improving healthcare quality and safety. While these organizations may intersect with aspects of elderly care or health services, they do not specifically set the regulations that govern personal care homes.